Efecto antiulceroso del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Baccharis genistelloides (Lam.) Pers. (“carqueja”) en ratas albinas, Lima-2026

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the antiulcer effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of *Baccharis genistelloides* (Lam.) Pers. (“carqueja”) leaves in albino rats with ethanol-induced gastric lesions. The study employed a quantitative approach, was applied in nature, explanatory in level, and followed a quasi-experimental, post-test design with comparison and control groups. Twenty-four albino rats were used, distributed into six groups of four animals each. Gastric lesions were induced via oral administration of 1.5 mL of 96% ethanol; omeprazole (20 mg/kg) was used as a positive control, and the hydroalcoholic extract was administered at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. The ulcer index was recorded using an ordinal severity scale ranging from 0 to 5. The median values ​​were 5.00 for the ethanol group, 1.00 for the omeprazole group, 3.50 for the 200 mg/kg group, 2.50 for the 400 mg/kg group, and 2.00 for the 600 mg/kg group. The corresponding descriptive inhibition percentages were 0.0%, 78.9%, 26.3%, 47.4%, and 63.2%, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated overall differences among the groups (H = 21.805; df = 5; p < 0.001). In Dunn’s post-hoc comparisons (with Bonferroni adjustment) against the ethanol group, the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg doses did not reach adjusted statistical significance (p = 1.000, p = 0.417, and p = 0.078, respectively), whereas omeprazole showed a significant difference (p = 0.008). The histopathological evaluation, based on one slide per group, revealed descriptive microscopic findings and a discrepancy between the macroscopic and microscopic observations in the omeprazole-treated group and the 600 mg/kg dose group. It was concluded that the extract showed a progressive, descriptive reduction in the ulcer index as the dose increased; however, no statistically significant effect was demonstrated for the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg doses individually when compared to the ethanol group, following adjustment for multiple comparisons.The objective was to evaluate the antiulcer effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of *Baccharis genistelloides* (Lam.) Pers. (“carqueja”) leaves in albino rats with ethanol-induced gastric lesions. The study employing a quantitative approach, was applied in nature, explanatory in level, and followed a quasi-experimental, post-test design with comparison and control groups. Twenty-four albino rats were used, distributed into six groups of four animals each. Gastric lesions were induced via oral administration of 1.5 mL of 96% ethanol; Omeprazole (20 mg/kg) was used as a positive control, and the hydroalcoholic extract was administered at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. The ulcer index was recorded using an ordinal severity scale ranging from 0 to 5. The median values ​​were 5.00 for the ethanol group, 1.00 for the omeprazole group, 3.50 for the 200 mg/kg group, 2.50 for the 400 mg/kg group, and 2.00 for the 600 mg/kg group. The corresponding descriptive inhibition percentages were 0.0%, 78.9%, 26.3%, 47.4%, and 63.2%, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated overall differences among the groups (H = 21.805; df = 5; p < 0.001). In Dunn's post-hoc comparisons (with Bonferroni adjustment) against the ethanol group, the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg doses did not reach statistical significance adjusted (p = 1.000, p = 0.417, and p = 0.078, respectively), whereas omeprazole showed a significant difference (p = 0.008). The histopathological evaluation, based on one slide per group, revealed descriptive microscopic findings and a discrepancy between the macroscopic and microscopic observations in the omeprazole-treated group and the 600 mg/kg dose group. It was concluded that the extract showed a progressive, descriptive reduction in the ulcer index as the dose increased; However, no statistically significant effect was demonstrated for the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg doses individually when compared to the ethanol group, following adjustment for multiple comparisons.